الاثنين، 17 نوفمبر 2014

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES ..!






 
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

If you want to compare two things, you use the comparative form of an adjective. 
For example 
the comparative form of big is bigger
and the comparative form of interesting is more interesting.
 
Your car is bigger than mine.

His new book is more interesting than his last one.


If you want to say that one thing is bigger, faster, more interesting etc 
than all the others of a group of things, you use the superlative form of an adjective
For example,
 the superlative form of big is biggest
and the superlative form of interesting is the most interesting.

It’s the fastest motorcycle in the world.

What’s the most delicious food you’ve ever eaten?





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CHOOSING THE RIGHT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE

If the adjective is one syllable long, you add ‑er or ‑est to it, 
sometimes making a change in the spelling.


adjective      comparative        superlative

   tall                taller                 tallest

   big               bigger               biggest

   nice              nicer                 nicest


If the adjective is three or more syllables long, you add the words more or most before it.

 
#  That’s a more interesting question.

#  Kim’s question was the most interesting one.

#  The new trains are more comfortable than the old ones.

#  That’s the most comfortable bed I’ve ever slept in.



Most adjectives with two syllables use more and most to form the comparative and superlative, 
but some two‑syllable adjectives have ‑er/‑est endings, 
and some two-syllable adjectives use both methods.

The ‑er/‑est endings are possible with adjectives ending in : 
‑y, ‑ow, ‑le, ‑er, ‑ure. 
Don’t forget that with adjectives that end in ‑y, the ‑y changes to ‑i.


adjective        comparative       superlative

 happy              happier           happiest

 gentle              gentler            gentlest

 narrow             narrower         narrowest

 clever               cleverer          cleverest


You keep this pattern even in the cases where you can add un‑ to a two-syllable adjective.
unhappier/unhappiest
 

Proper and eager do not follow this rule
you can use only more/most with them.

You use more/most with all other two‑syllable adjectives.
more/most active       more/most useful        more/most recent

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ADJECTIVES THAT DO NOT FOLLOW THE NORMAL RULES

Not all adjectives follow the normal rules. 
Some adjectives have completely irregular forms
The most common ones are:

adjective     comparative      superlative

 good            better              best

 bad              worse              worst

 little               less                 least



Words which are formed from a verb, 
and which end in ‑ing, ‑ed, or other past forms, 
always use more/most, no matter how many syllables they have.

# His latest film is even more boring than his previous ones.

# She was more shocked than I was.


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COMPARING TWO THINGS WHICH ARE THE SAME

If you want to say that two things are the same size, 
the same height etc, you can say that one thing is as big as the other, 
as tall as the other etc.

# She’s as tall as her sister.

# Do you think this summer will be as hot as last summer?


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COMPARING TWO THINGS WHICH ARE NOT THE SAME

If you want to say that two things are not the same size, 
the same height etc, you can say that one thing is not as big as the other, 
not as tall as the other etc.

# The meal wasn’t as good as the last meal I had there.

# I’m not as fat as him.  OR  I’m not as fat as he is.

# London is not as expensive as some other European cities.



You can use less ... than to mean the same thing as not as ... as
but you usually use it with adjectives that have two or more syllables
 For example: less expensive, less important.

# Value for money is less important than quality and reliability.

Note: Don’t use less with short adjectives such as good, old etc.



You can leave out the second as and the noun after it
if you have already mentioned or suggested the second thing that you are comparing.

# The material looks like silk, but it’s not as expensive. (="not" as expensive as silk)



Similarly, you can also leave out the than part of the comparison when you are using less, 
if you have already mentioned or suggested the second thing that you are comparing.

# I prefer the old Hollywood movies. They’re much less violent. (="than" modern films)

# The buses are less crowded after 10 o’clock. (="than" they are before 10 o’clock)



If you want to say that one type of thing is less expensive, 
less important etc than all other things of the same type, 
you can say that it is the least expensive, the least important etc.

# People usually choose the least expensive brand.

Note: Don’t use least with short adjectives such as good, old etc.

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          . . . . . . By : LAW 

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